The article deals with the issue of the situation of people with disabilities and overcoming discrimination. Based on scientific and practical materials developed in the framework of sociological and legal research, the peculiarity of the situation of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation is shown. On the basis of a sociological survey of representatives of all-Russian public organizations, it is shown that there are restrictions in the spheres of health care, education, employment and employment, especially for people with mental (mental) disabilities and people with hearing impairments.