The article provides an in-depth analysis of structural changes in the country's economy. The authors consider structural changes as both a result of economic development and an important factor in sustainable economic growth. Based on the analysis of the experience of developed countries and Southeast Asian countries, the authors identify three models of structural reforms: import substitution, export-oriented, and innovation-driven models. They also emphasize the need to develop state regulation measures to attract private foreign and domestic investors and to select methods of state support within the constraints of limited financial resources. The analysis of the experience of countries that have undergone periods of major structural transformation allows conclusions to be drawn about the structural changes facing the economy of Uzbekistan. In particular, industry remains the leading sector that drives the development of other sectors of the economy and requires a targeted state industrial policy.